【Objective】 This study aims to systematically characterize the evolutionary dynamics of modified nanoscale zero valent iron (M-nZVI) in the field of environmental remediation, identify critical technological trends and knowledge gaps in this field. 【Method】 Utilizing bibliometric analysis on data from the Web of Science Core Collection (1994-2024), this study quantitatively mapped the international collaboration networks, research priorities, and frontiers related to M-nZVI. 【Results】 The findings reveal that: (1) Global collaboration in environmental remediation using M-nZVI exhibits robust interconnectedness. China leads in academic output, contributing 49.02% of total. However, its relatively lower ranking in average citation frequency per paper, suggests the need for enhanced research translation efficiency. Trend analysis indicates that research activity in this domain may transition from rapid growth to gradual decline, constrained by uncertainties in environmental risk and techno-economic limitations. (2) At the technological development level, mainstream techniques include sulfurization, magnesium hydroxide encapsulation, various loading methods, and coupled modification approaches. Application research predominantly targets contaminant removal in soil and groundwater systems, such as hexavalent chromium and trichloroethylene. Nevertheless, studies on the toxicological effects of M-nZVI are still quite limited. 【Conclusion】Future research should focus on establishing a three-pronged framework integrating "technology development-mechanistic elucidation-risk assessment." This includes advancing surface functionalization techniques to create eco-friendly, cost-effective, and high-performance modified materials; clarifying synergistic removal mechanisms for emerging contaminants (e.g., perfluorinated compounds, endocrine disruptors) and complex pollutant mixtures; setting up ecological risk prediction models and migration-transformation simulations based on life cycle assessment; and developing microbial-coupled remediation systems along with integrated equipment solutions.